Improving the Safety, Effectiveness, and Efficiency of Clinical Alarm Systems: Simulation-Based Usability Testing of Physiologic Monitors

Azizeh K Sowan   ¹ , PhD, RN, MSN, MSDA, MBA, FAAN ;   Nancy Staggers   ² , PhD, RN, FAAN ;   Andrea Berndt   ¹ , PhD ;   Tommye Austin   ³ , PhD, RN, MBA, NEA-BC ;   Charles C Reed   ³ , PhD, RN, CNRN ;   Ashwin Malshe   ⁴ , PhD ;   Max Kilger   ⁴ , PhD ;   Elma Fonseca   ³ , MSN, RN, CVRN-BC ;   Ana Vera   ³ , MSN, RN, CVRN-BC ;   Qian Chen   ⁵ , PhD

¹ School of Nursing, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States

² School of Nursing and Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States

³ University Health, San Antonio, TX, United States

⁴ College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States

⁵ College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States