Published on in Vol 9 (2026)

1 Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
2 Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3 Medical Surgical Department, College of Nursing, Taif University, Taif, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia
4 Nursing Education Department, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia
*all authors contributed equally
